养殖大黄鱼生化组份的分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

全成干  王军  丁少雄  苏永全 《台湾海峡》2000,19(2):197-200

本文测定了厦门火烧屿养殖大黄鱼成、幼鱼肌肉中蛋白质、脂类和糖类等生化组份,并计算其比能值;分析了肌肉蛋白南中１７种常见氨基酸的含量。结果表明：成鱼肌肉蛋白质占１８．９％（湿重比,下同）脂类为３．１１％,糖类为１．６２％,水份占７５．３０％,灰份为０．９５％。比能值为５．９７ＫＪ／ｇ,Ｅ／Ｐ值为３１．６２ＫＪ／ｇ。幼鱼肌肉中占７５．３０％,灰份为０．９５％。比值为５．９８ＫＪ／ｇ,Ｅ／Ｐ值为３１．６  相似文献   

黄河三角洲滨海湿地不同盐分质量浓度下土壤微生物死亡残体的差异     

邵鹏帅  韩红艳  张莹慧  房颖 《地理科学》2022,42(7):1307-1315

利用微生物生物标识物（氨基糖）,探讨盐分对黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤微生物残体以及微生物残体对土壤有机碳（SOC）库贡献的影响。在滨海湿地生态系统中,随着土壤盐分增加,微生物死亡残体及其对SOC的贡献显著降低,表明高盐滨海湿地不利于土壤微生物死亡残体的积累及其对SOC的贡献。增加的盐分降低了土壤真菌死亡残体与细菌死亡残体的比值。线性回归分析指出土壤含水量、SOC、总氮（N）、交换性钙离子以及真菌死亡残体/细菌死亡残体与微生物死亡残体对SOC的贡献显著正相关。在低盐滨海湿地,良好的土壤条件（如高的水分、SOC和N）通过增加微生物死亡残体的积累和稳定性,促进了SOC的存储;而在高盐滨海湿地,低的可利用碳抑制了微生物死亡残体对SOC的贡献。另外,从低盐到高盐滨海湿地,真菌死亡残体对SOC的贡献逐渐下降,而细菌死亡残体对SOC的贡献没有变化,表明真菌死亡残体的积累对SOC的存储具有较大的影响。  相似文献   

Life Cycle Assessment of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) Plastic Packaging Products—Taking Tianjin,China as a Case Study     

ZHAO Menglei  YANG Zeng  ZHAO Jingnan  WANG Yan  MA Xiaolei  GUO Jian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):428-441

In this paper, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to evaluate and quantify the energy consumption and environmental impacts of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) plastic packaging from the five stages of raw material acquisition, raw material transportation, product production, products use and final disposal. Seven impact categories were selected for the impact analysis: abiotic depletion potential fossil fuels (ADP), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical ozone formation potential (POCP), human toxicity potential (HTP), and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP). The results of the LCA are discussed and the results show that production of products is the highest stage of the environmental impact. Meanwhile, in the entire life cycle, the top three environmental impact categories are GWP, ADP and HTP, which account for 32.63%, 24.83% and 14.01%, respectively. The LCA results show that the environmental impact can be reduced in several ways: reducing the consumption of electricity, increasing the input of new energy, increasing the conversion rate of materials in the production process, using organic and water-soluble fertilizers instead of conventional fertilizers, using environment-friendly fuels and establishing a sound recycling system.  相似文献   

A continuous multi-millennial record of surficial bivalve mollusk shells from the São Paulo Bight,Brazilian shelf     

Troy A. Dexter  Darrell S. Kaufman  Richard A. Krause Jr.  Susan L. Barbour Wood  Marcello G. Simões  John Warren Huntley  Yurena Yanes  Christopher S. Romanek  Michał Kowalewski 《Quaternary Research》2014

To evaluate the potential of using surficial shell accumulations for paleoenvironmental studies, an extensive time series of individually dated specimens of the marine infaunal bivalve mollusk Semele casali was assembled using amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios (n = 270) calibrated against radiocarbon ages (n = 32). The shells were collected from surface sediments at multiple sites across a sediment-starved shelf in the shallow sub-tropical São Paulo Bight (São Paulo State, Brazil). The resulting ¹⁴C-calibrated AAR time series, one of the largest AAR datasets compiled to date, ranges from modern to 10,307 cal yr BP, is right skewed, and represents a remarkably complete time series: the completeness of the Holocene record is 66% at 250-yr binning resolution and 81% at 500-yr binning resolution. Extensive time-averaging is observed for all sites across the sampled bathymetric range indicating long water depth-invariant survival of carbonate shells at the sediment surface with low net sedimentation rates. Benthic organisms collected from active depositional surfaces can provide multi-millennial time series of biomineral records and serve as a source of geochemical proxy data for reconstructing environmental and climatic trends throughout the Holocene at centennial resolution. Surface sediments can contain time-rich shell accumulations that record the entire Holocene, not just the present.  相似文献   

Lipid Distribution in Marine Sediments from the Northern South China Sea and Association with Gas Hydrate     

OU Wenji  LEI Huaiyan  LU Wanjun  ZHANG Jie  SHI Chunxiao  GONG Chujun  HAN Chao 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(1):226-237

The distributions of lipids in surface and subsurface sediments from the northern South China Sea were determined. The n-alkanes were in bimodal distribution that is characterized by a centre at n-C16 –n-C20 with maximum at C18(or C19) and n-C27 –n-C31 as well as at C29(or C31). The short-chain alkanes suffered from significant losses due to their slow deposition in the water column, and their presence with a slight even carbon predominance in shallow seafloor sediments was ascribed mainly to the direct input from the benthos. The long-chain alkanes with odd predominance indicate transportion of terrigenous organic matter. Immature hopanoid biomarkers reflect the intense microbial activity for bacteria–derived organic matter and the gradual increase of maturity with burial depth. Abundant n-fatty acid methyl esters(n-FAMEs) that are in distributions coincident with fatty acids were detected in all samples. We proposed that the observed FAMEs originated from the methyl esterification of fatty acids; methanol production by methanotrophs and methanogenic archaea related to the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and sulfate reduction provided an O–methyl donor for methylation of fatty acids. The CH4 released from hydrate dissociation at oxygen isotope stage II of Cores ZD3 and ZS5, which had been confirmed by the occurrence of negative δ13C excursion and spherical pyrite aggregates, could have accelerated the above process and thus maximized the relative content of FAMEs at ZD3-2(400–420 cm depth) and ZS5-2(241–291 cm depth).  相似文献   

黄海和东海沉积物有机质活性及营养盐再生潜力初探   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈建芳  金海燕  刘小涯  李宏亮  林以安  潘建明 《地球化学》2005,34(4):83-90

2000年秋季和 2001年春季,对黄海和东海 6个站位的水柱和沉积物样品进行了营养盐、沉积有机碳、有机碳同位素和氨基酸分析.结果表明, 表层沉积物的有机碳含量和有机质活性存在较明显的季节性变化,这主要由春秋两季表层水体生物量的差异引起.在泥质堆积区 E2、 E4、 E5站,春季表层沉积物有机碳的含量与活性均较高,而同期底部沉积物向上的营养盐梯度也明显增大, 显示有机碳的含量及活性与营养盐再生有密切关系.  相似文献   

杭州地区酸雨分布特征及影响因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄立丹  张日佳  张立峰  杨焕强 《气象科技》2013,41(6):1138-1146

利用2009年7月至2012年6月杭州地区7个观测站的酸雨资料并结合探空及大气成分资料,分析近3年来杭州地区的酸雨变化和分布特征,研究了气象条件和大气污染物对酸雨的影响。结果表明：杭州地区近3年降水平均pH值在437~523之间,酸雨污染空间上呈现“西重东轻”的格局,降水酸度和酸雨频率均呈现小幅波动且变化趋势不明显。酸雨污染总体上夏季最轻,秋冬季最严重,春季次之。降水量与pH值和电导率的关系各站不一,其中临安、淳安、建德和富阳等地的降水pH值与降水量成正比,杭州和桐庐相关变化关系不明显。萧山比较特殊,各地降水电导率与降水量均呈反比; 在850 hPa偏北风的输送影响下, 降水酸度及电导率较高;降水pH值与最低层逆温的高度成正比,与逆温的厚度成反比,强酸雨时在降水前半段均伴随较严重的灰霾天气,逆温对降水电导率的相关关系不是很明显; 污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、PM25的浓度与降水pH值呈负相关关系, 说明近地层污染物浓度对降水酸度有重要影响。  相似文献   

马尾藻多不饱和脂肪酸提取、分离及成分分析     

王一兵  柯珂  张荣灿 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):57-62

采用超声波细胞破碎和索氏回流相结合的方法对马尾藻(Sargassum sp.)总脂质进行了提取,对提取过程中的超声波细胞破碎功率和时间、料液比、溶剂等关键因素进行了优化;对总脂质中的多不饱和脂肪酸进行了分离,并分析了马尾藻脂肪酸组成成分和含量。结果显示,总脂质的最佳提取条件为超声破碎功率80 W、破碎时间20 min、料液比(m/m)1:8、石油醚(60~90℃)为溶剂、85℃水浴回流8 h;总脂质最高提取率为1.77%,其中总脂肪酸平均含量为30.84%;总脂肪酸中共含有11种成分,多不饱和脂肪酸含量约占13.21%~14.60%;薄层色谱分离出2种多不饱和脂肪酸C18:2ω6和C20:4ω6。  相似文献   

连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼代谢机能的影响     

纪利芹  蒋克勇  韩龙江  袁坤山  邱楚雯  王宝杰  刘梅  王雷  温海深 《海洋科学》2014,(9)

为了探寻连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼血清、肝脏及肌肉能量代谢等指标的影响,将大菱鲆从正常养殖水温18℃快速连续降温至1℃,并在18℃、13℃、8℃、5℃、3℃和1℃共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总胆红素(TBIL)、血糖(GLU)以及肝脏中的糖原和肌肉中的乳酸等指标,实验数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清TP浓度呈先下降后升高的趋势,且在13℃和3℃时出现显著性差异(P<0.05);血清ALB浓度则呈现升高趋势,在3℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);血清TC浓度呈现升高趋势,且3℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05); GLU浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8℃时显著高于13℃(P<0.05);尿素浓度呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,且8℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);肝糖原浓度在各温度之间无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉中乳酸含量呈先升高后降低趋势,且5℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05);其余指标则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明：当温度在18℃～8℃时,降温对大菱鲆体内代谢影响不大;当温度降到8℃～3℃时,大菱鲆体内开始出现应激反应;当温度继续降低至1℃时,大菱鲆体内的各种代谢基本处于停滞状态。  相似文献   

深海细菌Pseudomonas sp.bIp-2黑色素生成条件研究及其hppD基因的克隆     

韦海镧  于丽波  易志伟  汤熙翔 《台湾海峡》2014,(4):499-507

从大西洋深海沉积物中分离得到1株产黑色素细菌b Ip-2,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明该菌隶属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）,与施氏假单胞菌（P.stutzeri）有最高的16S rRNA基因序列相似性（99%）.进一步对该菌的生长及产黑色素条件进行了初步研究,结果表明b Ip-2在稳定生长期后期才开始大量积累黑色素;b Ip-2可在4～37℃的温度范围下生长,最适生长温度为37℃,在28℃具有最高的黑色素产量;b Ip-2生长的pH范围偏碱性,在p H=7的最适生长条件下黑色素产量最高,同时碱性环境有利于黑色素的快速形成;b Ip-2可以在1%～9%的NaCl浓度范围中生长,在5%的NaCl浓度下具有最高的黑色素产量;低浓度的Fe^2＋（0.05 mmol/dm^3）可以提高黑色素的产量,Fe^2＋浓度≥0.20 mmol/dm^3时明显抑制黑色素的生成,而Fe^2＋浓度为1.00 mmol/dm^3时可完全抑制菌株的生长;低浓度的Cu^2＋（0.1 mmol/dm^3）对黑色素的产量无明显影响,Cu^2＋浓度≥0.5mmol/dm^3时可抑制黑色素的生成,而Cu^2＋浓度超过1.0 mmol/dm^3时可完全抑制菌株的生长.通过PCR扩增获得菌株b Ip-2的对羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶（hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase,HPPD）全长基因（1087 bp）,分析发现其编码的HPPD蛋白序列（含361氨基酸）与来自菌株Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2的HPPD蛋白序列具有最高的同源性（序列相似性为97%）.这些结果为深入研究该细菌所产黑色素的合成,应用及生态作用奠定了基础.  相似文献